Operators

Arithmetic Operators

Operator	Description	Example
+	Addition	a + b
-	Subtraction (binary)	a - b
-	Negation (unary)	-a
*	Multiplication	a * b
/	Division	a / b
^	Power (exponentiation)	a ^ b
%	Modulo (remainder)	a % b

When both operands of / are Int, the result is an Int with the fractional part truncated. Use a Float operand to get a floating-point result.

var a = 7 / 2       // 3  (truncated)
var b = 7.0 / 2     // 3.5
var c = 7 / 2.0     // 3.5

Comparison Operators

All comparison operators produce a Bool result.

Operator	Description	Example
==	Equal to	a == b
!=	Not equal to	a != b
<	Less than	a < b
>	Greater than	a > b
<=	Less than or equal to	a <= b
>=	Greater than or equal	a >= b

Identity Operator

The identity operator checks whether two variables refer to the same class instance.

Operator	Description	Example
===	Same instance	a === b

Unlike ==, which compares values, === only applies to class instances. Two distinct instances with identical property values are not identical.

var a = Point(x: 1.0, y: 2.0)
var b = a
var c = Point(x: 1.0, y: 2.0)

print("\{a === b}")  // Prints "true"  — same instance
print("\{a === c}")  // Prints "false" — different instances, equal values

Logical Operators

All logical operators work with Bool values and produce a Bool result.

Operator	Description	Example
not	Logical negation (unary)	not condition
and	Logical conjunction	a and b
or	Logical disjunction	a or b

and and or use short-circuit evaluation: the right operand is only evaluated if the left operand does not already determine the result.

Bitwise Operators

Bitwise operators work on the individual bits of integer values.

Operator	Description	Example
&	Bitwise AND	a & b
|	Bitwise OR	a | b
~	Bitwise XOR (binary)	a ~ b
~	Bitwise NOT / complement (unary)	~a
<<	Left shift	a << b
>>	Right shift	a >> b

var flags = 10  // 0b1010
var mask  = 12  // 0b1100

print("\{flags & mask}")   // Prints "8"  (0b1000)
print("\{flags | mask}")   // Prints "14" (0b1110)
print("\{flags ~ mask}")   // Prints "6"  (0b0110)
print("\{~flags}")         // Prints "-11"
print("\{flags << 1}")     // Prints "20" (0b10100)
print("\{flags >> 1}")     // Prints "5"  (0b0101)

Ternary Conditional Operator

The ternary operator evaluates a Bool condition and produces one of two values. Both branches must produce a compatible type.

condition ? value_if_true : value_if_false

var score = 150
var label = score > 100 ? "Won" : "Lost"

The result may also be an optional:

var condition: Bool = true
var opt: String? = condition ? "value" : nil

Assignment Operator

The = operator assigns a value to an existing variable. It does not itself produce a value.

var x = 10
x = 20